Completed Projects

Chief Investigator: Professor Lisa Maher, Dr Jenny Iversen

The robustness or the degree of external validity of results from the NSW NSP Enhanced Data Collection (NNEDC) is difficult to determine. A key limitation is the lack of information that is collected from NSP clients who decline to participate in the NNEDC, particularly in terms of demographic characteristics and injecting risk behaviour. However, while the NNEDC is designed to remove the need to request data of NSP clients on each occasion of service by replacing this with an annual snapshot data collection, this collection aims to place as few demands as possible on respondents who are not reimbursed for their participation.

The current study aims to assess the robustness of the NNEDC by determining the representativeness of respondents relative to the broader population of NSW NSP clients by comparing basic demographic (age, gender, Indigenous status) and drug use (self-reported drug last injected) characteristics. The 2017 NNEDC will include a mandatory core module to be completed by all presenting NSP clients. Data will be analysed using STATA to model univariate and multivariate associations between demographic and drug use characteristics and completion of the NNEDC survey. Wald X2 tests and related 95% confidence intervals (CIs) will be calculated to assess statistical significance and precision.

NNEDC Representativeness report

Chief Investigator: Dr Phillip Keen

Chief Investigator: Dr Marlene Kong, A/Prof Rebecca Guy, Professor Carla Treloar

Co-investigator: Dr Monika Wadolowski

BRISE ASP aims to gather evidence of current and past strategies for STI and BBV management within NSW Aboriginal community controlled health services (ACCHS), and assess the strength of these strategies for increasing in STI/BBV testing, management and health outcomes. Strategies considered for BRISE ASP will include prevention programs, health promotion programs, and projects supporting clinical staff to achieve best practice in testing and management. BRISE ASP will also consider strategies led by ACCHS, peak bodies (e.g. AH&MRC), local health districts (LHDs), and other collaborators. The findings from BRISE ASP will help inform future strategies and programs for STI/BBV management in ACCHS settings. BRISE ASP will explore the potential for multiple strategies to be combined, or opportunities to involve partnerships, such as ACCHS and local health districts (LHDs) to maximise the effectiveness and sustainability of future programs.

Chief Investigator: Professor Jason Grebely

Dried blood spot (DBS) is a self-collection method that enables people to collect samples in their own home or other safe place, post back the sample for testing at an accredited laboratory and receive results without having to necessarily attend a health service. The NSW dried blood spot (DBS) HIV and hepatitis C testing pilot (hereafter NSW DBS Pilot) was launched in November 2016 with the primary objective of increasing access to HIV testing for priority populations who infrequently test for HIV. DBS was made available for gay and other men who have sex with men, people born in high prevalence regions (for the purpose of this study, this includes Asia and Africa) and people with current or previous sexual partners from high prevalence regions. In September 2017, hepatitis C RNA testing was added to the pilot for individuals who identify as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander or people with a history of injecting drug use. This economic analysis evaluated the total and annual cost of the NSW DBS Pilot program for HIV and hepatitis C DBS testing.

Chief Investigator: Dr. Carla Treloar

The Deadly Liver Mob Project (DLM) was an initiative of the Western Sydney Local Health District Harm Reduction team. The project came about as a result of poor attendances at the needle and syringe program by Aboriginal people and very few episodes of care over the immediate preceding years in the adjacent sexual health clinic, despite the area being one of the most populous areas for Aboriginal people in Australia. The DLM incorporates a peer driven intervention [PDI] with incentives provided for each step in participation to encourage people to be educated about BBV and then recruit and educate their peers as well as consider offers of hepatitis C and sexual health screening. Evaluation of the DLM in Western Sydney and the new site in Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health Districts will be undertaken using a non-experimental mixed-method design.

The overall aims of the evaluation are:

• To evaluate the long term translation, uptake and sustainability of sexual health service delivery associated with the DLM
• Identify long term prevention, care and treatment pathways for Aboriginal people as a result of the DLM;
• To examine the acceptability and implications for roll-out and scale-up of the DLM among DLM clients, LHDs workers and managers

This evaluation is supported by BRISE and the two participating health districts

Chief Investigator: Dr Denton Callander, Professor Basil Donovan, Professor Greg Dore, Associate Professor Jason Grebely, Professor Margaret Hellard, Associate Professor Rebecca Guy

In New South Wales, strategies for the control of STIs and hepatitis highlight the need for targeted surveillance and monitoring of these infections, particularly among populations most at-risk. Data for this project are routinely collected patient data extracted via the ACCESS Project (Australian Collaboration for Coordinated Enhance Sentinel Surveillance) from sexual health clinics, hospital infectious diseases clinics, general practices and pathology laboratories across the state. The indicators produced from these data are used to monitor testing, diagnosis and management of STIs and hepatitis – including among priority populations – and play an important part in the state’s overall surveillance and monitoring mechanisms.

Chief Investigator: Dr. Richard Gray

Aboriginal Australians are disproportionately affected by hepatitis C. Through close consultation with Indigenous stakeholders this project will collate the best available data on hepatitis C epidemiology in the Aboriginal community and use best practise epidemiological modelling methods to estimate to estimate the prevalence, incidence and associated disease burden of hepatitis C for Aboriginal people nationally, in each jurisdiction, and for NSW local health districts.

Chief Investigator: Professor Greg Dore, Associate Professor Jason Grebely, Dr Mary-Ellen Harrod, Yvonne Samuel

A collaboration between Kirby Institute and NUAA is developing educational materials and workshop to train peer workers in hepatitis C. The educational program will cover HCV epidemiology and natural history, HCV prevention, and treatment with direct-acting antiviral regimens. Peer workers, including those involved in Kirby-related research projects, will undertake the program to enhance evidence-based peer education of people who inject drugs.  

Chief Investigator: Professor Jason Grebely

The NSW DBS Pilot is a critical state-level initiative to improve access to HIV and HCV testing and linkage to care and treatment. The development of a series of comprehensive reports focusing on the objectives of the study would be important to communicating to stakeholders (including policy makers, providers, and the affected community) the successes of the project. 

Chief Investigator: Associate Professor Limin Mao

A 2018 NSW Health Policy Directive with Nursing Supply and Administration Protocols was approved and later updated (in 2020). They allow Registered Nurses working in Publicly Funded Sexual Health Services to be accredited to treat eligible STI patients by immediately dispensing take-home medications within the scope of the protocols. This co-designed, internal Quality Assurance project examined the number and types of medication supplies made under the specified protocols at selected clinics,  evaluated safety, estimated the working hours saved by the protocols, and appraised the satisfaction and acceptability of the protocols among clinicians in those specified settings.

Chief Investigator: Scientia Professor Carla Treloar

This project will encompass a review of existing strategies drawn from local and international settings to examine key stakeholders’ perceptions of individual, practitioner and systems level factors important to generate feasible strategies of the NSW context.

Chief Investigator: Associate Professor Garrett Prestage

Current reports and early data suggest that physical distancing restrictions due to COVID-19 may markedly affect sexual and other risk behaviours and health-seeking practices among gay and bisexual men (GBM). These changes in behaviour will likely lead to significant fluctuations in trends in HIV infection and other sexually transmissible infections (STIs), and in testing practices, both during and after those physical distancing restrictions. Monitoring these changes in behaviour will be key to understanding and responding to changes in epidemiological trends over the coming months.

Chief Investigator: Dr Steve Pilpott

The NSW HIV Strategy 2021-2025 aims to reduce stigma as a barrier to HIV prevention, testing, and treatment. One of the initiatives included to achieve this goal is to analyse the client journey through primary healthcare to prevention, testing, and treatment. This qualitative interview project seeks to gain in-depth insight into the client journey of a specific sub-population of gay and bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) living in NSW who are now disproportionately diagnosed with HIV – overseas-born GBMSM. It seeks to investigate barriers and facilitators for seeking and engaging with primary healthcare that are caused by social stigma, systemic stigma, and perceived stigma for overseas born GBMSM. It also seeks to explore whether and how men within these populations form ties to gay community. The reason for this is that research has found that gay community connection encourages health seeking behaviours (Anderson & Knee, 2020; Hammoud et al., 2019; Mao et al., 2009; Prestage et al., 2018; Ridge et al., 1997) and so there is likely a strong link between being gay community connected and accessing sexual health services.

Chief Investigator: Ms Elena Cama

There are multiple levels at which stigma occurs – individual, interpersonal, and institutional or structural. While individual and interpersonal forms of stigma have received significant scholarly attention, institutional or structural stigma has received much less attention in the academic literature. This project seeks to build on knowledge of institutional or structural stigma to identify policies, practices, and strategies that could usefully reduce this type of stigma experienced by people affected by blood-borne viruses (BBVs) and sexually transmissible infections (STIs) in health care settings. The study aimed to identify evidence on the conceptualisation of institutional and structural stigma and on interventions targeting this form of stigma in health care settings; identify key stakeholders who could speak to institutional and structural stigma in health care in New South Wales; and conduct interviews with these stakeholders to identify examples of institutional and structural stigma, as well as practices and environments that might be effective in addressing institutional and structural stigma in health care settings in New South Wales. Interviews were conducted with 24 key informants, who were employed in a range of different positions, including in academia and research, not-for-profit and community organisations, in health services and as health managers. Findings from this study are forthcoming.

Chief Investigator: Associate Professor Loren Brener

Harm reduction services in NSW have responded to the COVID-19 pandemic with a range of strategies to maintain and extend safe service provision to people who inject drugs (PWID). Research was undertaken by CSRH to assess the changes and impacts of COVID-19 on harm reduction services, surveying harm reduction and AOD service staff and interviewing PWID and staff from four NSW services in late 2020 to early 2021 (prior to the Delta variant driven ‘third wave’ and vaccine availability). Harm reduction and AOD services responded in a range of ways to implement COVID-19 infection control strategies, whilst maintaining and expanding service access through remote and innovative strategies. Service users reported some adverse experiences during this time, such as increased loneliness, and unmet general and mental health needs. Harm reduction staff were aware of these issues, reporting that they did what they could to overcome service barriers, including introducing innovative strategies to maintain engagement with service users. Addressing structural disadvantage and social exclusion appeared to be important macro-level priorities for limiting health and wellbeing harms, and for promoting COVID-19 vaccination and ongoing prevention strategies.

Chief Investigator: Associate Professor Limin Mao

International students have limited sexual and reproductive health literacy, including knowledge about HIVSTI transmission and how to access sexual health services. In close collaboration with and supported by the NSW Play Safe Program’s International Student Consortium and its working group, a self-directed online learning module (OLM) is developed to improve international students’ sexual and reproductive health literacy in NSW. This preliminary evaluation will provide recommendations on changes to the OLM and develop an ongoing evaluation plan.

Chief Investigator: Philippe Adam, John de Wit

Website: https://www.unsw.edu.au/research/csrh/our-projects/its-your-love-life-periodic-survey

Periodic survey of sexual health, condom use and testing for STIs among young people Young people are a key priority population for the prevention and management of sexually transmissible infections (STIs). Building on previous CSRH research on sexual health, a new (online) periodic survey among young people has been initiated in 2015. Called ‘It’s Your Love Life’ (IYLL), the survey will take place annually from 2015 with a focus on sexual health, condom use and testing for STIs. The study has four main objectives: 1) to assess the extent of condom use and STI testing among young people aged 15-29 years in NSW and monitor changes over time in young people’s sexual health related behaviours, 2) to understand barriers and facilitators of condom use and STI testing among young people, 3) to assess young people’s engagement and exposure to a range of intervention components that are part of the NSW Sexual Health Promotion framework, and 4) to evaluate the impact of sexual health programs on young people knowledge, attitudes and behaviours regarding condom use and testing for STIs.

Between December 2015 and March 2016, more than 4,000 young people living in NSW (mean age 20 years, range 15-29) have been recruited from targeted online advertisement on Facebook and Instagram and were invited to complete an online questionnaire. Of the 4,000 participants who accessed the survey, 3,500 provided answers to core behavioural questions on their sexual activity, condom use and testing for STIs that were included in a first survey module called the Snapshot. Also, more than 2,000 participants went beyond the first survey module and provided complete answers to detailed questions on individual, social and structural barriers to condom use and STI testing as well as exposure to major sexual health programs and interventions targeting young people in NSW. The survey will deliver novel data on sexual health among young people, on the extent of exposure to sexual health programs among young people, and on sexual health programs ability to change young people’s sexual health-related behaviours. Data and insights generated from the study findings will be used to directly inform the NSW Sexual Health Promotion (SHP) Framework.

To view the 2016 survey, please click here.

Title: Monitoring hepatitis B and C elimination through data linkage: Evaluation of cascades of care, advanced disease hospitalizations, and mortality including focus on late hepatitis diagnosis and analyses specific to CALD communities and ATSI peoples

Chief Investigator: Dr Phillip Keen

Chief Investigator: Dr. Richard Gray

This project extends the incidence and prevalence modelling of hepatitis C project to investigate what level of treatment is required and in what settings to achieve the WHO elimination targets for hepatitis C in each local health district in NSW.

Chief Investigator: Associate Professor Garrett Prestage

Co-investigator: Ian Down
 
The first stage of this work involves mapping the current referral pathways for people newly diagnosed with HIV. Through this we aim to identify where monitoring clinical data needs expansion, and if existing community-based and clinical pathways are sufficient to ensure data collection is efficient and consistent across jurisdictions and between settings. This research will allow improvements to communication, client services, and better clinical and personal outcomes for people diagnosed with HIV.
 
We will liaise with state health departments, relevant community organisations and select clinical services in each jurisdiction, including in specific non-urban locations where feasible, to map the current follow-up procedures applicable to individuals who have been newly diagnosed with HIV. We will map current clinic based procedures for post-diagnosis counselling and clinical blood work testing, treatment initiation protocols, referrals to community and peer support services, as well as data collection and reporting within and between clinic-based and community-based services. We will map current procedures in community organisations for counselling, community and peer support services, referrals to clinical services, as well as data collection and reporting within and between clinic and community- based services. We will also review the current surveillance mechanisms, in each jurisdiction with the aim of assessing how these mechanisms either dissuade or facilitate the patient trajectory between the clinic and community based services.

Chief Investigator: Professor Basil Donovan

Those who sell sex (sex workers) have been identified in a priority population in state and national strategies for the prevention of HIV and other sexually transmissible infections. This project monitors trends in sexual health testing, diagnoses and treatment among sex workers in New South Wales and provides details on characteristics pertaining to the health of sex workers in the state. In 2016, the project used data collected from publicly-funded sexual health clinics to assess the prevalence and incidence of HIV, chlamydia, gonorrhoea, and infectious syphilis among sex workers and produced a report (see below). A more detailed analysis of HIV/STIs in male sex workers determined that involvement in sex work was not an independent risk factor for infections in gay and bisexual men (Callander D, et al. Sexually Transmitted Infections 2017 [in press]).

A molecular epidemiology study that was published in 2016 confirmed that gonorrhoea had recently re-emerged as an endemic STI among heterosexuals in NSW.  The role that female sex work – and oral sex, in particular – plays in this re-emergence is currently under investigation with the cooperation of the Ministry of Health, SWOP, and clinical services.

Report
Callander D, Cox C, Schmidt H, Donovan B. Sex Worker Health Surveillance: a Report to the New South Wales Ministry of Health. 2015. Sydney, NSW: Kirby Institute.
Download the report

Chief Investigator: Professor Lisa Maher, Dr Jennifer Iversen

The NSW Needle and Syringe Program Enhanced Data Collection (NNEDC) provides a coordinated state-wide mechanism to collect and analyse data from people who inject drugs (PWID) who attend public sector Needle and Syringe Programs (NSPs). The NNEDC provides key data on priority populations and injection risk behaviour, monitors trends in the NSP population, and contributes to surveillance and performance in meeting the targets outlined in  the NSW HIV Strategy 2012-2015 and the NSW Hepatitis B and C Strategies 2014 -2020. The  NNEDC was implemented in 2004 and 2008 and for four consecutive years, 2013 to 2016. This BRISE project will conduct the NNEDC for a fifth consecutive year (2017).

Download 2016-2020 Report
Download 2019 Report
Download 2018 Report
Download 2017 Report

Chief Investigator: Professor Lisa Maher

The NSW Needle and Syringe Program Enhanced Data Collection (NNEDC) provides a coordinated state-wide mechanism to collect and analyse client level data from people who inject drugs (PWID) who attend public sector Needle Syringe Programs (NSPs). Benefits of the NNEDC include participation by all primary NSW NSPs, collection of a standardised set of data items from all LHDs and comparable data over time. 

Chief Investigator: Associate Professor Limin Mao

This monitoring and evaluation support for the NSW Play Safe Programs Sexual Health Promotion Program and sub-components. It encompasses developing, recording, analysing and reporting novel indicators to appraise (trends in) coverage and reach of sexual health promotion for young people in NSW, as well as regarding workforce capacity building activities and the use of sexual health promotion resources for professionals providing sexual health promotion for young people in NSW

Chief Investigator: Professor Martin Holt

Website: https://prepareproject.org.au/

The PrEPARE Project is a repeated, cross-sectional study of Australian gay and bisexual men’s (GBM) attitudes to biomedical HIV prevention, particularly pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and HIV treatment as prevention (TasP). The study was first conducted in 2011 and has been repeated every two years since. Data are collected using a national online survey of Australian GBM. The project is led by the Centre for Social Research in Health. The survey has shown who is most interested in PrEP and most willing to rely on TasP, and barriers to engagement with both prevention methods. It has also shown how the increasing use of biomedical prevention methods has affected attitudes to condoms, and that many GBM are interested in new ways to prevent sexually transmitted infections (other than HIV), if effective methods can be identified.

To see more details about the project, including recent publications, visit the PrEPARE Project website.

View the 2019 report.

Chief Investigator: Dr Ben Bavinton

This project aims to characterise key factors and barriers that are contributing to new HIV diagnoses among overseas-born MSM from non-English speaking countries living in Sydney and Melbourne, Australia.

Chief Investigator: Scientia Professor Greg Dore

An extension of an automated pilot clinical service model to multiple sites, enabling testing of patients for hepatitis B and C in the hospital emergency department setting and linkage of patients to clinical care. 

Chief Investigator: Dr. Christy Newman, Dr. Asha Persson

Website: https://www.unsw.edu.au/research/csrh/our-projects/straightmsm-study-heterosexually-identified-men-who-have-sex-men

The primary focus of this exploratory, qualitative project, funded by BRISE, was to interview a range of professionals employed in health services, health promotion and other relevant roles to document their expert views on the experiences and needs of straight-identified MSM in New South Wales. Other activities included reviewing the literature, analysing existing CSRH data, and appraising the terminology and activities evident in online personal ads posted by straight MSM.

Publications can be accessed here. 

Chief Investigator: Dr Philippe Adam

Chief Investigators: Scientia Professor Carla Treloar, Dr Tim Broady, Dr Elena Cama, Associate Professor Loren Brener

The Stigma Indicators Monitoring Project implements an indicator of experienced stigma in national surveys of population groups affected by blood borne viruses and STIs, namely: gay and other men who have sex with men, people who inject drugs, people living with HIV, people living with hepatitis C, and people who engage in sex work. The project also implements an indicator of expressed stigma in national surveys of health workers and the general public. These reports present findings from participants living in New South Wales, tracking any changes in reported experiences and expression of stigma over time.

Reports:

People living with HIV NSW 2018-2022

Men who have sex with men NSW 2018-2021

General public NSW 2024

Health care workers NSW 2024

People who inject drugs and people diagnosed with hepatitis C NSW 2025

Sex workers NSW 2024

Snapshot: People living with Hepatitis B - Chinese Community

Snapshot: People living with Hepatitis B - Vietnamese Community

Chief Investigator: Associate Professor Limin Mao

The ‘Down to Test (DTT)’ program is an STI prevention social marketing program developed by the NSW Ministry of Health in collaboration with a marketing agency. The target audience was young people (15-29 years) attending selected music festivals in NSW and was delivered from September 2017 to March 2020. For monitoring and evaluation, a pre-post program exposure design was applied using repeated, cross-sectional online surveys.

Chief Investigator: Scientia Professor Greg Dore

In Australia, an unrestricted DAA program, launched in 2016 resulted in an estimated 33% of people with HCV initiating treatment through 2018. Diverse models of HCV care and high levels of diagnosis (an estimated 81% of people with HCV infection) have facilitated this rapid scale-up. However, annual DAA uptake has declined from 32,610 in 2016 to 16,110 in 2018, indicating the need for increased efforts to engage the more marginalised populations in testing and treatment. Enhanced monitoring and evaluation of trends in HCV treatment and disease burden is essential in order to maintain the initial momentum and guide an evidence-based and equitable HCV elimination response.

Chief Investigator: Professor Gregory Dore, A/Prof Jason Grebely, Dr Maryam Alavi, A/Prof Janaki Amin, Prof Matthew Law, A/Prof Gail Matthews, Dr Behzad Hajarizadeh

HBV and HCV notifications (1993-2012), held by the Notifiable Conditions Information Management System, have been linked (by CHeReL) to several datasets, including HIV administrative dataset (from 1985), the Pharmaceutical Drugs of Addiction System administrative database (from 1985), NSW Admitted Patient Data Collection (from 2001), NSW Central Cancer Registry (from 1994), NSW Registry of Births Deaths and Marriages (from 1993), and Cause of Death Unit Record File (from 1993). Future linkages will also include NSW Perinatal Data Collection (from 1994), NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research (from 1994), NSW Emergency Department Data Collection (from 2005), Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) (from 2010), and Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) (From 2010). Linkages to PBS and MBS will be carried out by AIHW. This project will also utilize these datasets to improve the reporting of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples within the study. The next round of data linkage is expected to occur mid-2017.   

The BRISE linkage project has the capacity to provide ongoing evaluation of the impact of new HBV and HCV treatments on population-level liver disease burden, and inform HBV and HCV care cascades, including among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.

Chief Investigator: Associate Professor Limin Mao

This is a cross-sectional study on the beliefs, understanding and practices in relation to blood borne virus and sexually transmitted infections (BBVSTI) among the Asian gay communities in Sydney and other parts within and outside of NSW. It collects behavioural surveillance data from the gay Asian communities every 2-3 years. It seeks to respond to a lack of updated and relevant empirical evidence to inform HIV, STI, Hep B and Hep C interventions for Asian gay men and other men who have sex with men (MSM), an important target group for health promotion identified through relevant HIV and STI notifications data. Through close collaboration with the Sydney-based CALD Gay Men’s Action Group, eligible participants are recruited by trained Asian peer workers from through diverse online and offline channels. The study also explores areas that are relevant to the Asian gay communities in more detail.

Gay Asian Men Community Periodic Survey

Chief Investigator: Professor Martin Holt

Website: https://www.unsw.edu.au/research/csrh/our-projects/gay-community-periodic-surveys

The Sydney Gay Community Periodic Survey is a cross-sectional survey of gay and bisexual men recruited from a range of venues and events in Sydney and online throughout New South Wales. The major aim of the survey is to provide data on sexual, drug use, and testing and prevention practices related to the transmission of HIV and other sexually transmissible infections (STIs). Its results are routinely used by community organisations and health providers to plan and monitor engagement with HIV and sexual health services. The survey has been conducted every year since 1996, to coincide with the Mardi Gras Festival. The Centre for Social Research in Health coordinates the project, and ACON organises venue and event-based recruitment. 

Gay Community Periodic Survey: Sydney 2020

Chief Investigator: Dr. Richard Gray

Injecting drug use (IDU), and opioid dependence, are thought to be significant contributors to the burden of disease in Australia and globally. Much of the burden derives from the increased risks of blood-borne virus transmission due to unsafe drug injection, with elevated risks of hepatitis C (HCV) and hepatitis B (HBV) among people who inject drugs (PWID). Updated estimates of the population size of PWID, and the incidence and prevalence of hepatitis C and hepatitis B, are proposed. PWID sampled in surveillance studies are becoming older, fewer people may be initiating to heroin use following the heroin shortage of 2001, and the types of drugs being injected by those who do still inject have shifted. Such shifts may influence the trajectory of blood-borne virus (BBV) epidemics in Australia, so it is crucial that new population size estimates are available to inform such projections and that out-dated estimates and projections are conducted.

NSW Health has provided funding to the Kirby Institute to coordinate and conduct studies to:

• estimate the number of PWID, nationally, by each state and territory, and by local health district (LHD) for NSW;
• estimate the prevalence, incidence and disease burden of hepatitis B, by region (as specified in (1)) and project future epidemic trajectories;
• estimate the prevalence, incidence and disease burden of hepatitis C, nationally and by region (as specified in (1)) and project future epidemic trajectories.

Download the report.

2017 Estimates and Projections of the Hepatitis C Virus Epidemic in NSW Download the report